Man has discovered and is ready to management could of nature’s forces, however as long as he’s unable to manage the forces inside himself, there might be no query of actual civilization. Human tradition has not carried issues past placing a finer polish on its animal impulses i.e. bodily reacting to exterior stimuli, with out emotional bonding and mental evaluation. The human race could have develop into extra developed materially and technically, however it isn’t happier. The good mechanical and concrete development is being achieved to the detriment of the integrity and character of the human being, which values are the barometer of its growth stage in the actual sense.
Taylor Caldwell wrote-
“Man isn’t victorious, by no means defeated,
The looters yield their loot to the cheated,
Honesty and folly can by no means be parted,
The waters return to the hills from the place they began.”
That’s the final Fact, Analysis could finally discover that individual concerned in extramarital affairs get paralytic strokes, as nature reacts violently when disharmony is deliberately/intentionally created for each motion has an equal and reverse response and whether or not one likes it or not, all karmas-physical, emotional and mental bear their fruits. There may be all the time an final justice.
Man is the primary product of evolution who’s able to controlling his evolutionary future, Human being is constituted of 5 sense organs (eyes, ears, nostril, tongue and flesh giving him the ability of sight, sound, scent, style and contact) feelings and mind via which he perceives and analyses the opposite beings and nature round and categorical himself. In inter-personal relationships, extra notably when it pertains to two totally different sexes, these 5 sense organs are used and on some events, their (mis) use outcomes into an offence. Use of senses of scent and style seldom result in committal of any sexual offence however some motion of the eyes, some phrases spoken, sounds and noises made might be offensive and contact of flesh by the use of backside pinching, brushing previous, embracing, indecent assault or rape would quantity to suppression of will of the opposite by invading the privateness or the non-public house which a person requires for steady development in life and can represent sexual offences.
Each act of a human being whether or not on the bodily, psychological or mental aircraft of consciousness which ends up in inflicting ache or suppression of the desire of one other being is an offence. All acts within the nature of offence carried out by a male human being in opposition to a feminine human being might be termed as sexual offence. Girls are the victims of virtually all sexual offences as a result of the offenders, and so they themselves assume, they’re unable and, subsequently, unlikely to retaliate both with bodily drive or with recourse to legislation. They develop into victims and sacrificial lambs on the altar of the delicate male ego. They’re the victims of a comfortable perception that they go willingly to the slaughter.
As human beings co-exist within the social system, one of the crucial vital facets of legal legislation and human contribution is to successfully and effectively cope with this facet of social aberration, and see that no solely the offender is convicted, the sufferer compensated, however this offensive nature is managed and the ideas and energies of perpetrator and sufferer channelised into constructive fields of growth. The legal justice system can even should be vigilant that within the present harmful state of exploitation of each human being by one other, both for political or financial good points, false details usually are not sought to be established or supposed resulting in extra evil than reform.
A major variety of writers have explored the psychology behind human behaviour and whereas Sigmund Freud place emphasis sex-motivated expressions, Karl Marx on the financial motivation, Nietszhe on the ability motivation, the Bhagwat Gita rests on idea of useful sense, within the evolution course of, the division into two sexes was caused by nature just for the aim of procreation of reproductivity of species and should, subsequently, ought to have restricted to monogamous relationship behind closed doorways. However within the altering social atmosphere it has come out on the roads and locations of labor and because of fixed consciousness, straightforward accessibility has resulted in rising exhibition of sexuality and thereby the fee of sexual offences. Sexual offences are acts or expressions of violence and perversion unleashed on the weakest out there feminine within the most secure doable circumstances by the stronger male because of emotions of anger, frustration, despair, insecurity, deprivation and hostility and arising out of ignorance of his true nature of sat, chitta and ananda.
Sexual offences are coated underneath the next Acts of Parliament-
1. Indecent Illustration of Girls (Prohibition) Act, 1986
2. Indian Penal Code, 1860
3. Suppression of Immoral Visitors in Girls and Ladies Act, 1956
4. Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
Obscenity and indecent illustration of girls
The sexual illustration of girls in cross-culture is a matter of grave concern. Obscenity is a risk to the purity of girls’s sexuality and her modesty. It tends deflect an lively involvement and participation in order that males can’t be held to be at fault. Blame, nevertheless, lies with those that produce these obscene representations together with the ladies who seem in it. Clever, properly constructed and groomed, half clad girls on the duvet web page of Cosmopolitan or Sports activities Illustrated-swimming go well with situation all around the world provokes extra sexuality than naked adivasi rustic females. Intercourse and violence in motion pictures and media and erotic lucid particulars in greatest sellers or these which promote most is the fabric out there to each citizen from rickshaw-pullers college students to CEOs.
Eve-teasing, winking, staring, backside pinching, improper toching, brushing previous and many others.
These sexual offences have gotten widespread amongst youngsters with urbanization and are morally dedicated in crowded locations like school campus, public transport, gala’s and fetes. These expressions are a results of sadistic tendencies and sick mentality of these human beings who can’t management their urges of indecently act in the direction of fellow feminine beings in society. The reactions of the feminine give them the pleasure they’d sought by violating the privateness of one other particular person. The male being feels elated about his superiority; he boasts about his acts amongst his peer group and thinks that he has achieved one thing nice and weird. Actions like these want rapid response from rational folks and ought to be nipped within the nipped. An act which is demonical can by no means be appreciated and wishes emphatic resistance. These circumstances could not get reported and, subsequently, it’s for the general public and the residents to be vigilant about them.
Sexual harassment
Sexual harassment incorporates components of coercion, risk, and/or undesirable consideration in a non-reciprocal relationship. Within the College, sexual harassment of girls by male school members undermines girls as college students or co-workers. Sexual harassment on this case could, subsequently, take the next varieties when man in place of management, affect or have an effect on a girl’s job; profession makes use of his authority and energy to coerce the girl into sexual relations or to punish her refusal. In these circumstances the superior tends to benefit from his place and the financial stress results in silent struggling.
The place in circumstances of sexual harassment males accused and located responsible of sexual harassment are professors and lecturers, it turns into a severe situation and they need to be suspended from their jobs or demoted from their posts, as college students look as much as their lecturers as mentors and guides who’re pillars of inspiration and place them on a pedestal and imagine that they’ll do no improper.
Sexual harassment on the office could embody:
1. Verbal harassment of abuse.
2. Refined stress for sexual favors.
3. Sexist feedback in regards to the pupil’s clothes, physique or sexual actions.
4. Pointless patting or pinching.
5. Leering or ogling at a girl’s physique.
6. Fixed brushing in opposition to a girls’s physique.
7. Demanding sexual favors accompanied by implied or overt threats regarding one’s job, marks, letters of bodily assault.
Not too long ago the Hon’ble Supreme Courtroom within the matter of Rupan Deol Bajaj and Anr. Vs. Ok.P.S. Gill and Anr. 1995 (6) SCC 0194 has given instructions to Chief Judicial Justice of the Peace, Chandigarh to take cognizance upon the police report in respect of the offences underneath Part 354 and 509 IPC and check out the case himself in accordance with Legislation. After a lapse of virtually 8 years, a girl IAS Officer was profitable in getting a senior police officer at least D.G. Police, Punjab to the ebook, for outraging her modesty.
Immoral trafficking
The Suppression of Immoral Visitors in Girls and Ladies Act, 1956 stays virtually in suspended animation. There was an alarming improve in buying and selling of girls. A girl might be bought within the open marketplace for half the worth of a buffalo. Ashwini Sarin, an Indian Specific Correspondent reported the acquisition of Kamla, a mom of six youngsters from the circuit home for 2 thousand rupees solely. A big space of Dholpur gives ladies in abundance on the market. The plight of homeless ladies in safety houses, that are meant for his or her rehabilitation however the place they’re, handled inhumanly and as barterable commodities it pitiable.
The beginning of a woman little one continues to be considered contemptible and a few mother and father don’t even hesitate in buying and selling the physique of their woman little one for a number of nugatory dimes. Inhuman situations in Agra Safety Residence compelled two eminent legislation professors Dr. Upendra Buxi and Dr. Lotika Sarkar to maneuver the Supreme Courtroom for redress. It’s on the report of the Supreme Courtroom that the inhuman therapy, psychological and bodily torture, turned 19 of the ladies into psychological circumstances. The safety houses arrange for correct and satisfactory take care of homeless and handicapped girls appear to have been transformed into facilities of torture frequented by intercourse hungry legislation enforcement and different energy wielding officers.
The nefarious apply of flesh-trade and sex-exploitation just isn’t confined throughout the territorial limits of this nation. The case of Tulsa, a minor Nepali woman highlights the deliberate and well-established apply of importing poor overseas ladies into the vice dens of huge cities in India the place brothels are run on a big scale. She was kidnapped from Thankot, a nature village in Nepal, delivered to Bombay and offered to the brokers working within the red-light space of Bombay. After being brutally used and abused, and turning into bothered of many venereal illnesses, due to the continual sexual exploitation, when she was seen to be unfit for the brothel, she was kicked out and left on the streets. Luckily she was admitted to a Authorities Hospital by a philanthropist, who additionally knowledgeable her household in Nepal about her whereabouts.
Sheela Barse, famous journalist and social employee, on the idea of her intensive examine of legal exploitation of girls in India rightly remarks- “Kidnapped youngsters, kidnapped as youngsters or lured to cities in younger maturity within the hope of employment and the lives of 1000’s of girls are thereafter destined to be circumscribed by the 4 wall of sleazy brothels. All different disadvantaged sections of society get at the very least sympathy however for prostitutes there’s solely ostracisation”.
Licentious life is destined for them. The continual worry of torture by brothel operators looms massive over them; their rights get rusted by dilution of enforcement effectivity and apathy. Members of anti-prostitution squads are received over by the flesh merchants and made to share the booty of the flesh commerce. As a substitute of discharging their responsibility by taking immediate motion even on the receipt of a grievance, they intentionally stay detached and reasonably defend the anti-social factor and thereby permit and encourage the legal exploitation of the unlucky and helpless poor girls.
The peak of the inefficiency within the system is revealed by the nexus between legal dons and prime officers when it’s reported that prime police and judicial officers of Bombay have been current at a lavish get together hosted by the under-world Type in a complicated resort of Bombay. A two hour lengthy video movie confirmed about 15 cops together with the Assistant Commissioner of Police and a few excessive Judicial Officers attending the get together and freely mixing round with criminals of the needed class. When the custodians of legislation are hand in glove with those that are literally operating the entire legal present what might be the destiny of the rights of the weaker intercourse.
Rape
Whereas all rapes end in whole emotional devastation, little one rapes notably inflict gross bodily injury on the sufferer. Rape is essentially the most horrendous of the sexual offences much more disasters than homicide for the sufferer continues to guide a traumatic life. Its gravity just isn’t within the harm to the physique, alone however within the harm to vanity and self-respect. The bodily battling and assault which accompany rape usually are not solely what constitutes rape however it’s the accidents added to the insult.
Victims of this sexual assault have survived a horrifying, humiliating, degrading, brutalizing, angering, demeaning and dehumanizing expertise. Rape is essentially the most severe violation of an individual’s physique as a result of it deprives the victims of each bodily and emotional privateness and autonomy. When the offence of rape happens, the sufferer’s sense of self in addition to her physique is abused with out consent. She loses her most elementary human want proper: Management of her bodily and emotional of self. The sufferer’s psychological response to rape primarily displays her response to violation of self. Due to this fact, they should be handled with dignity and compassion and warranted that their resolution of getting the accused to the ebook is revered.
The prevailing view, which with nice respect wants reconsideration is, that girls who can’t be held as chaste or harmless usually are not raped as their consent is presumed. Rape has nothing to do with innocence and chastity, nor does it require blood to be spilt or minds to be misplaced. The act of rape is essentially the most violent abuse of a girl’s physique, privateness, modesty, autonomy and can. It’s an act of unrestrained hostility and anger, an assault distinctive within the degradation it inflicts. The struggling, psychological agony and trauma it causes is profound and the scars which are printed on the reminiscence of sufferer by no means heal fully. The neighborhood and the legislation should be accountable for the scarcely veiled risk “They will by no means imagine you.”
This perspective grew to become solely too evident by the assorted choices of the Hon’ble Courts as within the case of Raju Vs. State of Karnataka, 1994 (1) SCC 0453 higher often known as Hassan Case, the Hon’ble Supreme Courtroom, centered its resolution on the idea of “victim-precipitated rape”, an idea by which the sufferer is considered the reason for the crime typically on such flimsy grounds because the alleged provocation of her apparel, or previous sexual.
In State of Rajasthan Vs. Narayan 1992 (3) SCC 615, the Hon’ble Supreme Courtroom nevertheless noticed that, even when there was a delay of two to 3 days in lodging the legal grievance such delay is common as within the “Indian Society, being what it’s, the victims of such against the law ordinarily seek the advice of kinfolk and are hesitant to strategy the police since if entails the query of advantage and chastity of a married lady. A girl and her kinfolk should battle with a number of state of affairs earlier than a deciding to strategy the police, extra so when the wrongdoer occurs to be relative.” The Hon’ble Supreme Courtroom, set-aside the acquittal order handed by the Excessive Courtroom and restored the order of conviction and sentence awarded by the trial courtroom.
Mistrust of rape complaints stems from the benefit with which rape allegations might be made. There appears to be no reciprocal mistrust stemming from the benefit with which they are often denied and almost all the time are. When a rapist leaves few bodily scars on his sufferer, he often claims in courtroom that prosecutrix is mendacity, the allegations are false and that there was consent. The way by which trials are carried out, provides the accused ample scope for displaying that the girl’s behaviour was provocative and to solid ample doubt on her proof. The perspective in the direction of girls who’ve been raped undoubtedly deters many victims from reporting their assault. Whether or not the sufferer conceals the rape of confronts the neighborhood with it, she is affected by the social implications of her involvement in such a sordid.
In a current judgment i.e. Delhi Home Working Girls’s Union vs. Union of India, 1995 (1) SCC 0014, the Hon’ble Supreme Courtroom has analyzed the defects of the present system. Firstly, complaints are dealt with are dealt with roughly and usually are not given such consideration as is warranted. The victims, are humiliated by the police. The victims have invariably discovered rape trials a traumatic expertise. The expertise of giving proof in courtroom has been destructive and harmful. The victims typically say, they thought of the ordeal to be even worse than the rape itself. Undoubtedly the courtroom proceedings added to and extended the psychological stress they needed to endure because of the rape itself.
The Hon’ble Supreme Courtroom quoted from Trendy Authorized Research-Rape and the Authorized Course of by Jennifer Temkin, 1987 Version, web page 7:
“It might seem {that a} radical change within the perspective of protection counsel and judges to sexual assault can be required. Persevering with training programmes for judges ought to embody re-education about sexual assault. Modifications within the substantive legislation may also be useful in producing new methods of serious about this sort of crime.”
And Fox and Scherl, who studied “Patterns of response amongst victims of rape.” provided ideas to assist victims via the assorted phases of response. There’s a typical emotional response to rape which happens in three phases:
– acute response
– A interval of integration and backbone by which the sufferer involves phrases with emotions of guilt and anger.
– Melancholy and numbness which the sufferer feels.
– Some may must undergo a interval of guilt and self-punishment.
The Hon’ble Supreme Courtroom of India additional indicated broad parameters in aiding the victims of rape.
1. The complainants of sexual assault circumstances ought to be supplied with authorized illustration. It is very important have somebody who’s well-acquainted with the legal justice system. The position of the sufferer’s advocate wouldn’t solely be to clarify to the sufferer the character of the proceedings, to organize her for the case and to help her within the police station and in courtroom however to supply her with steerage as to how she may receive assist of a special nature from different businesses, for instance, thoughts counseling or medical help. It is very important safe the continuity of help by making certain that the identical one that sorted the complainant’s curiosity within the police station represents her until the top of the case.
2. Authorized help should be supplied on the police station for the reason that sufferer of sexual assault may very properly be in a distressed state upon arrival on the police station. The steerage and help of a lawyer at this stage and while she was being questioned can be of nice help to her.
3. The police ought to be underneath an obligation to tell the sufferer of her proper to illustration earlier than any questions are requested of her and that the police report ought to state that the sufferer was so knowledgeable.
4. A listing of advocates keen to behave in these circumstances ought to be stored on the police station for victims who should not have a specific lawyer in thoughts or whose personal layer is unavailable.
5. The advocate shall be appointed by the courtroom, upon software by the police on the earliest handy second, however in an effort to be sure that victims are questioned with out undue delay, advocates ought to be approved to behave at police station earlier than go away of the courtroom is sought or obtained.
6. In all rape trials anonymity of the sufferer should be maintained, so far as needed.
7. It’s needed, having regard to the Directive Rules contained underneath Article 38(1) of the Structure of India to arrange Legal Accidents Compensation Board. Rape victims ceaselessly incur substantial monetary loss and a few are too traumatized to proceed in employment.
8. Compensation for victims shall be awarded by the courtroom on conviction of the offender and by the Legal Accidents Compensation Board. Whether or not or not a conviction has taken place. The Board will take note of ache, struggling and shock in addition to lack of earnings because of being pregnant and the bills of kid beginning if this occurred because of the rape.
Some steps that ought to be taken whereas coping with such sexual offences and a few ideas:
1. The sufferer of a sexual assault ought to at the start be taken to any institute which is within the type of girls’s and youngsters hospital, in order that the well being and security of the sufferer which ought to be the prime concern might be taken care of.
2. Going to a hospital as quickly as doable after the assault is extraordinarily vital for a number of causes :-
a. The sufferer may have rapid medical consideration.
b. Checks for being pregnant, venereal illness and AIDS.
c. recording of medical for prosecution of the offence dedicated.
1. Ideally, throughout such a delicate stage of after-offence care, a feminine attendant/nurse ought to be the one who ought to cope with the sufferer who has undergone such bodily and emotional traumatic expertise.
2. When the sufferer is interviewed by the police, there ought to all the time be a feminine police officer to conduct such interview, contemplating the emotional and traumatic state of the person the questions typically requested right now makes the sufferer recounting the assault, together with what drive, threats weapons, the assailant could have used, questions as to what occurred earlier than and after the assault may be requested, which can deem harsh, invasive, insensitive, however which frequently are needed for investigating the crime.
3. Lie detector take a look at? A polygraph is a machine that measures bodily capabilities, equivalent to coronary heart fee, respiratory fee blood-pressure. The accused individual is requested firstly such questions that don’t have anything to do with the assault after which ask query regarding particular particulars of the assault. The adjustments within the heart-rate, respiratory fee, and blood-pressure are used to point diploma of truthfulness. Although outcomes of polygraph examination usually are not admissible within the courts, however nonetheless might be fairly useful in giving proper type of results in the police of their investigations.
4. Plea bargaining- The idea of plea-bargaining is new to Indian system, however though not a great resolution, it could generally profit the sufferer. In circumstances the place it’s troublesome to show all the weather of the upper offence for lack of ample proof then the prosecution could plea-bargain with him to confess his guilt in a decrease offence and be accountable for a diminished sentence. The sufferer is not going to should endure the trauma of a trial via which they’re pressured to alleviate the trauma as soon as under-gone.
5. Sweeping authorized reforms are important, not small changes to the sentencing coverage or quibbling over age limits. Reforms should give equal standing to the phrase of the complainant and the accused in courtroom and should put into perspective the crime’s sexual factor.
6. The corroboration requirement should be dropped as the current apply is grossly offensive to girls, and discriminatory. Proof regarding the sexual status of the complainant needs to be made inadmissible. Consent shouldn’t be assumed on the idea of sexual status, sexual behaviour with different individuals or lack of bodily accidents. The legislation, because it stands at present, doesn’t take note of the psychological anguish brought on by sexual assault.
7. Public censure- In an effort to curb these vile urges which overpower males and result in fee of sexual offences violating the thoughts, physique and soul of the victims? I.e. feminine, the perpetrators ought to be publicly censured. The offender’s title, place of residence, the particulars of the offence, punishment imposed alongwith his {photograph} ought to be printed in information papers and different sources of mass medial i.e. T.V. Radio, Native cable operators and even on Web on the bills of the offender. Sec. 74 C of the Indian Penal Code (Modification) Invoice, 1978 contemplates public censure; Sec. 375 to 377 should even be included in Sec. 74 C (3) of the 1978 Invoice. This sort of opposed publicly of the accused, would deter future offenders to withstand from indulging in such shameful crimes and the worry of maligning the title and standing to his household may preserve a test on such reckless urges.
8. Gender training is critical for it would promote understanding between men and women, which can encourage males to establish with girls, which can take away the benefit with which males can depersonalize girls, which can blur the daunting and harmful edges of masculinity and femininity.
Evaluation of the offender will present some clues to cope with him. Researchers have established that majority of sexual offences are dedicated in circumstances the place the feminine is understood to the male. In these circumstances ladies of tender age and growth fall straightforward prey to elder male members. The opposite circumstances are both by the use of retribution by a caste in opposition to one other or by those that have developed a sadistic tendency.
The punishment issue of a jail sentence for rape is significantly undermined by its erratic software. Solely a really small share of males who commit rape get punished for it by imprisonment. Greater than half the circumstances usually are not reported. Of the reported half the lads don’t finally go to jail for the crime as long as half the lads tried, don’t deserved jail sentences the notion of rape-being one of the crucial severe crimes appears farfetched.
Dowry deaths, bride burning
A survey on “Why girls burn? carried out by Sunjay Suri and Sevanti Niham, brings forth the oppressive perspective in the direction of girls on her giving beginning to a feminine little one. The survey printed in components, exhibits society treats girls as a chattel and no effort is made to vary the perspective of males in the direction of girls.
Of late there was an alarming improve in circumstances regarding harassment, torture, abetted suicides and dowry deaths of younger harmless brides. This rising cult of violence and exploration of younger brides, although retains on sending shock waves to the civilized society at any time when it occurs, continues unabated. There’s a fixed erosion of the fundamental human values of tolerance and the spirit of “stay and let stay” lack of training and financial dependence of girls have inspired the grasping perpetrators of the crime.
The Dowry Prohibition Act was enacted in 1961 and has been amended infrequently however his piece of social laws conserving in view the rising menace of the social evil, additionally doesn’t seem to have served a lot goal as dowry seekers are hardly delivered to ebook and convictions recorded are reasonably few.
Awakening of the collective consciousness is the necessity of the day. Change of coronary heart and perspective is what is required. If man have been to regain his concord with others and change hatred, greed, selfishness and anger by mutual love, belief and understanding and if the girl have been to obtain training and develop into economically impartial, the potential of this pernicious social evil dying a pure dying is not going to stay a distant dream solely. The legislature, realizing the gravity of the state of affairs has amended the legal guidelines and supplied for stringent punishment in such circumstances and even permitted the elevating of presumptions in opposition to an accused in circumstances of unnatural deaths of the brides throughout the first seven years of their marriage.
The position of courts, underneath the circumstances assumes larger significance and it’s anticipated that the courts would cope with such circumstances in a extra sensible method and never permit the criminals to flee on account of procedural errors or technicalities as then the legal would obtain encouragement and the victims of crime can be completely discouraged if the crime goes unpunished.
The courts are anticipated to be delicate in circumstances involving crime in opposition to girls. The decision of acquittal made by the trial courtroom on this case is an apt illustration of the shortage of sensitivity on the a part of the trial courtroom. It recorded the decision of acquittal on mere surmises and conjectures and disregarded the proof of the witnesses for wholly inadequate and insignificant causes. It ignored the important components of the case with out even correctly discussing the identical.
An vital facet of human growth or progress is to rise from its mere animalistic bodily existence to succeed in the next emotional, mental and religious aircraft. On the mental and religious planes of consciousness there isn’t any query of intercourse discrimination. Sexual offences are additionally dedicated on an emotional aircraft, which can want a deeper look and severe efforts if we now have to co-exist and undertake optimistic growth. It’s this decrease nature with its animal qualities that should be conquered by the spirit inside man so that he could develop into actually a human being. The management of decrease intuition is critical so that human being rises greater.
So long as the satisfaction of the urge for food and lust of the flesh is included in man’s beliefs and goals, he can by no means rise above the aircraft of animalism. Flesh right here refers to man’s materials nature which violates the spirit. Is against an unique of it. Mere animalistic sexual expression has no extra locations in our civilization than would mud-huts function fashionable homes. However in our pseudo-civilization worse than animalistic sexual misuses are indulged in and condoned. Legal guidelines condemning them exist on paper however don’t have any enamel to punish the responsible or warn the like-minded. There might be no query of actual civilization till a relentless marketing campaign in opposition to the domination of sexual urges is properly on its approach. A lessening of the overwhelming affect of intercourse is critical earlier than the race can declare a semblance of true tradition and of turning into spiritualized, the place there aren’t any sexual offences.
:quality(75)/arc-anglerfish-arc2-prod-elcomercio.s3.amazonaws.com/public/4NHAT6EZEZFM7MWBHUYB67ISI4.jpg)
