The BASIC Stamp is, on the coronary heart, a microcontroller with interpreter software program inbuilt. These units additionally include further assist circuitry, comparable to an EEPROM, voltage regulator, ceramic oscillator, and so on. BASIC Stamps are perfect for newcomers as a result of they’re straightforward to program, fairly highly effective, and comparatively cheap-a entire startup package deal prices round $150 {dollars} or so. These units are additionally extremely popular amongst inventors and hobbyist, and you will find quite a lot of useful literature, software notes, and totally examined initiatives on the Web. The unique stamp was launched in 1993 by Parallax, Inc. It acquired its identify from the truth that it resembled a postage stamp.
The early model of the BASIC Stamp was the REV D, whereas later enhancements result in the BASIC Stamp I (BSI) and to the BASIC Stamp II (BSII). Right here we’ll focus primarily on the BSI and the BSII. Each the BSI and BSII have a specifically tailor-made BASIC interpreter firmware constructed into the microelectronics EPROM. For each stamps, a PIC micro controller is used. The precise program that’s to be run is saved in an on board EEPROM. When the battery is linked, stamps run the BASIC program in reminiscence. Stamps will be reprogrammed at any time by quickly connecting them to a PC working a easy host program. The brand new program is typed in, a secret is hit, and this system is loaded into the stamp. Enter/output pins will be linked with different digital units comparable to sense switches, LED, LCD shows, servos, stepper motors, and so on.
BASIC Stamp II (BSII-IC)
The BSII is a module that is available in a 28-pin DIL package deal. The mind of the BSII is the PIC16C57 micro controller that’s completely programmed with a PBASIC2 instruction set inside its inside OTP-EPROM (one-time program ROM). When programming the BSII, you inform the PIC16C57 to retailer symbols, known as tokens, in exterior EEPROM reminiscence. When this system runs, the PIC16C57 retrieves tokens from reminiscence, interprets them as PBASIC2 directions, and carries out these directions. The PIC16C57 can execute its inside program at a charge of 5 million machine instruction per second. Nonetheless, every PBASIC2 instruction takes up many machine directions, so the PBASIC2 executes extra slowly, round 3000 to 4000 directions per second.
The BSII comes with 16 I/O pins (P0-P15) which are out there for normal use by your packages. These pins will be interfaced with all trendy 5-V logic, from TTL by means of CMOS (technically, they’ve traits just like the 74HCT logic sequence). The route of a pin-either enter or output-is set in the course of the programming section. When a pin is ready as an output pin, the BSII can ship sign to different units, like LEDs, servos, and so on. When a pin is ready as an enter pin, it could actually obtain alerts from exterior units, comparable to switches, photosensors, and so on. Every I/O pin can supply 20 mA and sink 25 mA. Pins P0-P7 and pins P8-P15, as teams, can every supply a complete of 40 and sink 50 mA.
2048-Byte EEPROM
The BSII’s PIC’s inside OTP-EPROM (one-time programmable read-only reminiscence) is completely programmed on the manufacturing unit with Parallax’s firmware which turns this reminiscence right into a PBASIC2 interpreter chip. As a result of they’re interpreters, the Stamp PICs have your complete PBASIC language completely programmed into their inside program reminiscence. This reminiscence can’t be used to retailer your PBASIC2 program. As a substitute, the primary program should be saved within the EEPROM (electrically erasable, programmable read-only reminiscence).
This reminiscence retains information with out energy and will be reprogrammed simply. At run time, the PBASIC2 program created on the host pc is loaded into the BSII’s EEPROM beginning on the highest handle (2047) and dealing downward. Most packages don’t use your complete EEPROM, which implies that PBASIC2 allows you to retailer information within the unused decrease portion of the EEPROM. Since packages are saved from the highest of the reminiscence downward, information are saved within the backside of the reminiscence working upward.
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